Cataract

A cataract occurs when the natural lens inside the eye becomes cloudy to the point where vision is blurred and cannot be
improved with spectacles. Being largely due to aging, the majority of people over the age of 60 have at least some early signs of cataract. Surgery is indicated when patients’ vision is reduced to the point where they are visually limited in day to day tasks such as reading and driving. Night vision can also be significantly affected. Many patients also experience increased glare sensitivity. Surgery involves removal of the cloudy lens and replacement with a clear artificial implant as a day surgery
procedure.

Macula degeneration

The macula is the part of the retina at the back of the eye responsible for fine detailed vision, as required in tasks such as reading and driving. It affects about one in seven people over the age of 50, and occurs in varying severity, from only a slight reduction in vision to legal blindness. Early detection and referral to a retinal specialist are critical in optimising treatment and preserving vision. People over 50 should have their maculae checked by an optometrist or ophthalmologist every 2 years. For more information , visit www.mdfoundation.com.au.


Diabetic Retinopathy

Diabetes can result in damage to the fine retinal blood vessels at the back of the eye, resulting in leakage and bleeding. This is termed diabetic retinopathy and is one of the leading causes of blindness. Risk factors for diabetic retinopathy include poor control of blood glucose levels and the duration of the disease. High blood pressure and poor cholesterol control also contribute to retinopathy. Fortunately, early detection and control of risk factors can help prevent vision loss. More information can be obtained by going to www.diabetesaustralia.com.au.

 
Glaucoma

Glaucoma is a term used to describe a group of optic nerve degenerative diseases, most prevalent in those over the age of 40.
The main risk factors are family history and aging. In the majority of cases, the intraocular fluid pressure within the eye is raised, however there are no symptoms in the early stages. Patients with late stage glaucoma will often notice a loss of peripheral vision, by which time the disease is well progressed and the optic nerve significantly damaged. Early detection and treatment is crucial in arresting any progression of the disease. See also www.glaucoma.org.au.
 

 
 Dry eye syndrome

Dry eye syndrome is one of the most common conditions seen in optometric practice. Symptoms include stinging, burning, itching, scratchiness, grittiness , filminess and a feeling of needing to blink more. It can occur due to a variety of causes. Treatment includes tear supplementation with eyedrops, gels and ointments, depending on severity. In some cases, tear duct plugs need to be inserted by an ophthalmologist to limit drainage and assist in alleviating symptoms.



Blepharitis

Blepharitis is an inflammatory condition of the eyelid margins, occurring at the base of the lashes. There is an accumulation of skin flakes and mucus, resulting in generalised discomfort including itching and burning. It is often present with dry eye syndrome. Treatment is aimed at lid hygiene with commercially available products or baby shampoo. Severe cases may require topical or systemic antibiotics to control the condition.